the world of languages and translation.

L’alphabet  . //the alphabet 

 

We use the alphabet or the letters in  French language to form the words,  any word are group of alphabets  or letters and the number of French alphabet are (26 // twenty six letters ) we write them with two methods //

Firstly // the capital letters .   

(majuscules )

We write the capital letter according to the following method //

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

we use the capital letters in the following cases ///

1// we use the capital letters in the first letter of new sentence .

2/we use the capital letters in the names of families and individuals .

3 / we use the capitals letters in the first letter of the  name of persons .

Secondly// the small letters .

 (minuscules )  

We write the small letters according to the following method ///

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s

t

u

v

w

x

y

z

  we  use the small letters in the others using of writing . 

There are another divisions , types ,letters and additions in French language to the letters   see in  the following  explanation ///

1/ the vowel letters (voyelles )

Number of the vowel letters are six letter these letters are //

a

e

i

o

u

y

We need them in spelling of another  letters .

2/the  silence letters   (consonnes)  .

Number of these letters are twenty letter these letter are //

b

c

d

f

g

h

j

k

l

m

n

p

q

r

s

t

v

w

x

z

these letters need to vowel letters or another silence letter  to spelling them   the following table explanation only method of spelling another letter// s //  don’t write them

The spelling	The letter
bi	b
ka	k
Im	m
zéd	z
In	N

3/ the silence letter which are repeated calls        (consoone double )(consonne double ) 

In    French language so we increase the time of  spelling them .

Example //

The meaning	The word	The letter
Effect	Effet	f
Valiant // gallant	Vaillant	L
Different	Différent	f
The football	Le football	o/ l
Addition	Addition	D

4/ there are some silence letters  in  French language we write it but we don’t spell it when we delete these letter the spelling won’t  change but the meaning will change or will  be without meaning .     

Examples //

The meaning	The word	The letter (we write it but we don’t spell it )
White	Blanc	c
Blood	Sang	g
Price	prix	x
The games	Les jeux	ux
Weight	Poids	ds
Journals	Journaux	x

Thirdly // the additions .

French language don’t suffice only with the vowel letters and silence letters but it   have  increased another additions to make the method of spelling easier , from these additions //

1/ addition the accent  on the letter (é) there are  three types of the   accent // 

a/ the accent  (é). 

  it is accent very short spelling   

examples//

the  meaning	The word
the summer	L’été
a baby	Un bébé
The television	La Télévision
a medal	Une médaille
a competition	Une compétition

B / the accent (è). 

  it is accent  medium long spelling   

examples//

The  meaning	The word
a Prayer	Une Prière
The father	Le  père
The mother	La mère
Obese  // fat	Obèse
The models	Les modèles
A planet	une planète

In Sometimes we write the accent (è)on the two letters (a// u) to be ((à/ù)  ) this work to clear difference between words similar in the writing but different in the meaning .

the meaning	The word	The meaning	the word
at / to /  in	à	The First letter from the letters	a
where	Où	Or	ou

C / the accent like this  (ê) it is (accent circonflexe). 

  it is accent we write it on all silent  letters of French language   except  the  letter (y ) the job of this accent we replace deleted letter (s) by it because  this letter was write in the   old French language but the linguistics saw this letter are difficult  in the spelling so they decided  to   delete it  and add  the accent .

example//  

The  meaning	The word in old French language	The word in new French language
The oak	Chesne	Chêne

The adjectives of silent letters in  French language .

1/ the letter (c) we spell it  (s) when it is followed by the following  letters  (y / i/ e )  .   

Examples //

The  meaning	The  word
The  sociology	La  Sociologie
The science	la science
a Swan	Un Cygne
Un elevator	Un ascenseur

2/ the letter (c) we spell it  (k )  when it is followed by the following  letters  (u / o / a)  .

 Examples //  

the  meaning	The  word
the economy	l’économie
a cellar	Une Cave
a control	Un contrôle
The anger	La Colère
the consumption	la consommation
The cube	Le Cube

3/ the letter (c) we spell it  (k ) sometimes when it is followed by silent letters  .

Examples //

the  meaning	the  word
a crisis	une crise
the sugar	le sucre
an actor	un acteur

4/ the letter (c) we spell it  (s)  when it is followed by the following  letters  (u / o / a) with change from its shape and addition mark to  it calls  ( cédille ) like this (ç)  .

 Example //  

the  meaning	The  word
a facade // a frontage	Une Façade
the French	Le français
A boy	Un garçon
An underpants	Un caleçon
disappointed	déçu

5/ the letter (h) we spell it  (sh / ch )when it is predicted  by the letter (c) . 

 Example //

The  meaning	The  word
A  hot	Un Chaud
The hunting	La chasse
A Camel	Un Chameau
A  champion	Un champion
A Branch //  an arm	Une succursale
A bedroom	Une chambre

6  / the letter (g) we spell it  (ge/ gi )  when it is be followed by  vowel letter or silent letter  .

 Example //

the  meaning	The  word
the gas	Le gaz
an image	Une  image
a refrigerator	Un réfrigérateur
the garage	Le  garage

7/ the letters (h/ s / t /  d / x ) we don’t spell it   when they  came in the end of the  word .

 Example //

the  meaning	the  word
a man	un homme
a  closet ///  a cupboard	un placard
a hero	un héros
a  faucet	un robinet

8 / the letter (n ) we spell it   (m) when it  is  followed  by the letters  (b/ p)

 Examples  //

the  meaning	The  word
a leg	Une Jambe
the competition	La compétition
a champion	Un champion
humble // modest	Humble
a lamp	Une lampe

9/ the letter (p) we spell  it  (f) when it is followed by  the letter (h)  .

 Example //

the  meaning	The  word
an elephant	Un Éléphant
the physics	La physique
a pharmacy	Une pharmacie
a photo	Une Photo

10/ the letter (s) we spell it  (z) when it is came between vowel letter .   

 Example //

the  meaning	The  word
chair	Une  Chaise
the shooting	La fusillade
a combination	Une combinaison
a cause // a reason	Une Cause
a kitchen	Une cuisine

11/ the letter (s) we spell (s/ ss) when it comes between two vowel letter but with repeating  it  

 Example // 

The  meaning	The  word
A youth	Une jeunesse
A poetess	Une  poétesse
The press	La presse
Break // snap	Casser
A fish	Un Poisson

12/ the letter (t) we spell it  (s) when it is  followed by the letters //(ion)  //

Example //

the  meaning	The  word
the national	Le national
the  information	L’information
the question	La question
a solution // a resolving /a resolution	Une Solution
the communication	La communication
An action	Une Action

13/ the letter (w) we spell it (v) in sometimes or         (oi)  in other   sometimes   .

 Example //

the  meaning	The  word
a carriage	Un Wagon

14/ the letter (x) we spell (z) sometimes  if it came between two vowels letters .

 Example //

The  meaning	The  word
The second	Le Deuxième
The sixth	Le Sixième
The tenth	Le Dixième
The executive	L’exécutif